Cooking up History

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Apples have been an important resource all across canada starting in the early 17th century as apples were used by the French as a food source as well as a source for cider, being a product consumable by humans without any processing needed. The 20th century was filled with new knowdledge of fruit trees and nutritional science which was a focus for the Deparment of Agriclture. The Department of Agriculture began being highly involved with of publication of documents pertaining to fruit trees starting in the 1920’s. For example, documents such as Soil fertility: Tree Crops, its economic maintenance and increase, by F.T Schutt was published in 1923, Modern Orchard Practices by M.B Davis was published in 1923 and Packing Apples in Barrels and Boxes by A. Fulton was created in 1926. In addition, the publications of the first edition of Canadian Grown Apples and Fruits and Vegetables: Canning, Drying and storing were in 1924.

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In the 1920’s there was the foundation of many colleges that were founded upon agriculture and a high importance was dedicated to fruit experimentation. According to Wayne Fuller, author of the journal article Making Better Farmers: The Study of Agriculture in Midwestern Country Schools, 1900-1923, “In the early 1900s the farmers were confronted with a movement designed to include the study of nature and agriculture in the country school curriculum.” This demonstrates that North American society, particularly in the midwest and prapie regions, took a step into the development of scientific agricultural research through the growth of agriculture teachings in schools.  This thought grew into the 1930’s as documents published relating to fruit diseases, conditions on soils for the growing of tree plants, as well as an increase in irrigation strategies and soil erosion begin to appear even more frequency in the Department of Agriculture’s published documents. This mimics the events occuring in 1930’s as agriculture was of utmost importance due to threats in Canada when several parts of the country were hit by the great depression and the dust bowl, which is why more publications would of been documented on conservation and soils of the prairies. The Dust bowl heavily impacted the production of agricultural crops in the Prairie provinces. Luckily, much of Canada’s exports for apples lie in Nova Scotia with a five year calculation from 1929-1933 in the production of apples in barrels at 1,566,062. Although the dust bowl may not of affected Ontario, Quebec and Nova Scotia as heavily as the prairies all farmers felt the effects of the severe lower prices on crop production and many were forced to close their farms.

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Although these events were occuring, the Department of Agriculture still produced a revision of Canadian Grown Apples in 1936, perhaps to jumpshot apple production in a time when wheat production was at its worst. In addition to this, during World War One from 1914-1918 as well as after the Canadian government put a high emphasis on home gardening in order to produce food for oneself. These productions were often known as ‘war gardens’ during the war and  ‘victory gardens’ after. To compliment this, food preservation methods became a common school of thought which included canning a variety of fruits and vegetables including apples. This would allow perishable foods to have a longer shelf life. Economic growth in the early years of the 20th century allowed for a wider distribution of food which was made possible by transformations in transportation. For example in Margaret Conrad’s article, Apple Blossom Time in the Annapolis Valley 1880-1957 she stated, “During the 1930s Nova Scotia produced over 40% of the Canadian apple output and was a major supplier of the British market, which in most years absorbed over three-quarters of Nova Scotia's total commercial crop and over 90% of the apples exported.” Canada relied on exportation of apples to keep up with a serious agricultural decline in the 1930’s. In addition, the 1920’s and 1930’s saw a rise of new agriculture acts in order to improve the quality, grading, packing and handling techniques in regards to apple production. This could of been because of an increase in pressure due to competition in the British market in the interwar years.

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Canadian Grown Apples: Delight in every bite included some of these acts in its readings such as information on the fruit and honey act making the grading of apples compulsory starting in 1901. This could demonstrate the pride that Canada takes in grading its apples as well as educating the general public on these policies and to show Britain that Canada is taking steps to improve the quality of apples. The 1930’s was such an important time to improve canadian apple exports that, “The provincial government established a Royal Commission in 1930 to report on problems facing Nova Scotia's apple growers.” In addition to this, in 1934 tensions with the British rose with regards to low graded exports creating trouble for Canadian apple markets. In response, R.B Bennett, Canada’s prime minister, passed the Natural Products Marketing Act in 1934 creating a Fruit Export Board in the same year. The Canadian cookbook could of acted as a form of redemption showing that Canada takes grading seriously and complimented the creation of this control board. Apples have a high significance in Canadian politics, culture and economics throughout the 1920’s and 1930’s which could of lead to the creation of a marketing strategy of the new revision of Canadian Grown Apples in 1934.

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