Cooking Up History

Dr. Pierce Golden Medical Discovery text-only advertisement

This cookbook and some of the others produced by the company were published by Dr. Pierce’s Canadian Branch Laboratory in Bridgeburg, Ontario. Buffalo, New York was undoubtedly the central hub for Dr. Pierce, but this business successfully grew beyond the confines of the United States, so branches were built in Canada and Great Britain. The company was just one of many producing patent medicines in the early 20th century. The concept of the patent medicine originated in Great Britain during the 1630s and reached the height of its popularity in North America during the latter half of the 19th century. From the outset, the main focus of these proprietors was marketing and making money. There was a wide consumer demographic for this industry but companies were always concerned with competing brands. To help their products stand out, proprietors would employ various strategies to increase their brand’s exposure and credibility. This often meant associating themselves with standardized medicine, just as Pierce did by labelling himself an "M.D." despite his rather controversial educational background. Highly regarded individuals who were members of the American Medical Association were nowhere near as popular as Pierce, who had already reached sales of the astronomical sum of $1,000,000.00 by the 1880s. This cookbook, published at least 35 years later, remains a testament to Pierce's continued success. However, Pierce had to overcome many obstacles, including protests from men like Samuel Hopkins Adams who threatened to expose Pierce and the dangerous ingredients in his medicines. This controversy contributed to the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act in the United States in 1906. The ability of Pierce and his son, Valentine, to maintain a consistent following throughout various controversies that arose reveals a lot about the influence of advertising during this period and the lack of critical attention from the public in response. Viewing this cookbook through modern eyes, one could easily question the motives behind a pharmaceutical company's desire to publish a cookbook because of the opportunity to do so much self-promotion and advertising. 

Dr. Pierce advertisement featuring a man and woman, title reads, "Girls! Be Attractive to Men, Nature Intended You Should Be!"

The advertisements within this cookbook not only provide opinions related to Dr. Pierce and his company, but also some insight into the gender roles being enforced during this period. It is quite obvious that the source was produced with female readers in mind. The majority of the testimonials were written by women and there is also a clear emphasis on Dr. Pierce’s Favourite Prescription, which was marketed specifically to a female demographic. In the latter part of the 1920s, it was still expected that women in Canada would look after the bulk of the domestic responsibilities within the family, including cooking, shopping, and medical care. The cookbook also alludes to the importance of female beauty at the time. Advertisements stating "Girls! Be Attractive to Men -- Nature Intended You Should Be!" note that an attractive female was "well," "healthy," and had "rich red blood." To meet the beauty standards of the time, products like Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery were advertised as harmless tonics that would improve a woman's health and, by extension, her physical beauty. As these advertisements suggest, health and beauty were thought to have a symbiotic relationship and that women should always strive to be as attractive and healthy as possible. 

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